Author Archives: Peter Levine

an exciting day for CIRCLE

(Madison, WI) I wrote this on Sunday in preparation for an exciting day at the National Archives and the Newseum in Washington, DC.

First, at the Archives, the National Conference on Citizenship will release its 2008 national survey of Americans’ Civic Health, which includes questions about public support for policies that would encourage citizen participation. A whole “civic policy agenda” emerges from the survey data. CIRCLE designed and led the analysis of the survey. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor and others will speak on the program at the Archives. Check out NCOC.net for the survey results.

Second, in the same venue, the Corporation for National and Community Service will announce a set of new grants. CIRCLE won several of these. We received $570,000 to build (and study) a new online social network for college students in the Boston area. Students will conduct community research, discuss, compete, and thereby strengthen their service and activism. We were also asked to serve as the lead evaluator for a whole group of new grantees who are working on social networking projects. And we received a separate grant to analyze national data on volunteering and other forms of engagement.

Third, the National Conference on Citizenship will hold a kind of mini-conference on how to carry civic engagement past Election Day, with many experts and leaders around the table to discuss strategy.

I’ll be blogging about the Boston social network, the survey data, new strategic ideas, and other substantive matters in the weeks to come.

time to get an economic message

My mentor and former boss Bill Galston has a sharply worded message for Barack Obama: “You are in danger of squandering an election most of us thought was unlosable. The reason is simple: on the electorate’s most important concern – the economy — you have no clear message, and John McCain has filled the void with his own.” Bill adds that Obama needs a tight diagnosis of the current fiasco plus a “focused, parsimonious list of remedies.”

I think voters have plenty of reasons to oppose the Republican ticket in 2008. Therefore, it doesn’t matter much whether Americans know about McCain’s changes of position or Palin’s tanning bed (or McCain’s lobbyist advisers and Palin’s ethics investigation). Nor will the election be affected much by my favorite issues–service, civic engagement, and political reform. It all boils down to what people think Obama would do about the economy.

how to honor Constitution Day

Yesterday was Constitution Day. It’s so named because it marks the anniversary of the signing of the US Constitution in 1787. It’s certainly an auspicious date. Since 2005, every educational institution in America that receives federal funding–from a kindergarten to a graduate school–must observe Constitution Day by providing some kind of educational program about the Constitution. Apparently, the legislation that created this obligation (an amendment to the 2004 omnibus spending bill introduced by Senator Robert Byrd) is constitutional (pdf). That means that no court should strike it down. Nevertheless, I think students could profitably observe Constitution Day by asking:

  • How, under our Constitution, can legislation be passed on the sole prerogative of one US Senator?
  • How can Congress pass legislation without hearings or debate?
  • Is it a constructive and appropriate use of federal power to determine the content and timing of educational instruction?

the civic potential of video games

Many adults who care about civic and ethical education are hostile to video games. We assume that gaming is a solitary, passive, violent activity, unrelated to issues in the real world. Actually, games vary enormously; some of the most popular ones are challenging simulations of democracy and social issues. And gaming is not always solitary; sometimes it is a social and cooperative passtime.

According to the most ambitious and careful study to date, “Civic Implications of Video Games,” what matters is not whether or how much kids play video games. The question is which games they play and how they play them.

For example, there are strong positive correlations between playing the Sims and active civic engagement in the real world. This is perhaps not too surprising because the Sims requires active thinking about social issues in a fictional setting. In contrast, Halo is a “first-person shooter” game. The report doesn’t say that it correlates with traditional civic activity, but Halo does involve collaborating with other players online. Those who collaborate with others online are also more engaged in active citizenship. For instance, they are much more likely to talk about elections. Thus even Halo has some civic potential. We need to promote and celebrate the best games, develop more like them, and use them in conjunction with school, community, and family activities.

The whole report is worth careful study. It was written by the Pew Internet and American Life Project in collaboration with the Civic Education Research Group at Mills College.

Sarah Palin and the cultural divide

Although this is already well-traveled terrain, I’d like to venture a few paragraphs about why Americans seem so divided in their early reactions to Sarah Palin.

That we are divided seems clear. Even before there was much publicly available information about Gov. Palin, The New York Times ran an op-ed explaining what would happen if a vice-presidential nominee had to quit; and Republican consultants were recorded saying that her nomination was disastrous for their side. But also before any of us had much information, some Americans were so excited by her arrival on the national scene that the Republican ticket bounced up in the polls. This trend reflected an average–closer inspection showed enormous differences by state.

Pretty clearly, some kind of “elite” is opposed to some kind of a “populist base” on the question of Sarah Palin, who supposedly belongs to the latter camp. But this elite cannot be defined by money, because the Palins have quite a bit of that–as do many of the excited Republican delegates and voters. Nor is it about power: she is a governor, selected for national leadeship by a senior Senator. Nor is it about intellect, because none of us have any basis on which to judge how smart she is. If the “elite” side assumes she is dumb, that is about them, not her.

So maybe we should drop the term “elite” for the purposes of this discussion. There are relevant cultural divisions among wealthy and powerful Americans. For instance, Sarah Palin graduated from college after obtaining credits from several state schools; she married a man without a college degree. Barack Obama was the editor of the Harvard Law Review and an instructor at the University of Chicago. It would be extremely rare for someone in his shoes to marry a woman with much less than Michelle Obama’s educational attainment (a Princeton BA). I say this not as a value-judgment. I would be the first to dispute the assumption that Princeton and Harvard add more value, or educate better, or produce more qualified graduates, than Western state colleges and fishing crews. I merely state, as a sociological observation, that people like Barack Obama value certain kinds of educational attainment so much that they expect it of their spouses and children. The same is true of many strong Obama supporters and Palin denigrators. They may not have Harvard degrees, but they value them.

Harvard and Princeton are just symbols of this divide. They are not “liberal” institutions in any tight sense of that term (they are enormously rich; lightly regulated, private institutions that graduate tons of Republicans). But they stand for one side of a Kulturkampf. Other markers of this divide include evangelical Christianity, hunting and fishing, the suburbs versus the cities, and one’s attitudes toward the metropolitan coasts. If you have lots of money and you’re on Sarah Palin’s side of the divide, you’re likely to spend it on country club memberships and hunting trips. On the other side, people travel to Tuscany and drink those lattes whose mention is inevitable in posts such as this one.

We don’t have to like each other, but we are going to have to live together, and that means that it’s important not to let these differences blow out of all reason. There are, after all, fundamental ways that people like Obama and Palin are alike. There are also many, many Americans who are not much like either of them. It’s not a bipolar country; it’s a great kaleidoscope.