{"id":6139,"date":"2011-04-25T14:22:30","date_gmt":"2011-04-25T14:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=6139"},"modified":"2011-04-25T14:22:30","modified_gmt":"2011-04-25T14:22:30","slug":"the-eight-americas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=6139","title":{"rendered":"the Eight Americas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Christopher Murray and six colleagues have published an article entitled &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosmedicine.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0030545\">Eight Americas: Investigating Mortality Disparities across Races, Counties, and Race-Counties in the United States<\/a>.&#8221; They divide the entire US population into the following categories:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<p>1. Asian: Asians living in counties where Pacific Islanders make up less than 40% of total Asian population<\/p>\n<p>2. Northland low-income rural white: Whites in northern plains and Dakotas with 1990 county-level per capita income below $11,775 and population density less than 100 persons\/km2<\/p>\n<p>3. Middle America: All other whites not included in Americas 2 and 4, Asians not<\/p>\n<p>in America 1, and Native Americans not in America 5<\/p>\n<p>4. Low-income whites in Appalachia  and the Mississippi Valley (with 1990 county-level per capita income below $11,775)<\/p>\n<p>5. Western Native American: Native American populations in the mountain and plains areas,<\/p>\n<p>predominantly on reservations<\/p>\n<p>6. Black Middle America: All other black populations living in countries not included in<\/p>\n<p>Americas 7 and 8<\/p>\n<p>7. Southern low-income rural black: Blacks living in counties in the Mississippi Valley and the Deep South with population density below 100 persons\/km2, 1990 county-level per capita income below $7,500, and total population size above 1,000 persons (to avoid small numbers)<\/p>\n<p>8 High-risk urban black: Urban populations of more than 150,000 blacks living in counties with cumulative probability of homicide death between 15 and 74 [years] greater than 1.0%<\/ul>\n<p>Disparities in life expectancy are enormous&#8211;for example, women in America 1 outlive men in America 8 by 20 years. It is illuminating to view these empirically-derived categories instead of the usual baskets (such as White versus African American). Below is my chart of selected disparities from the article:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/images\/8Americas.GIF\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Christopher Murray and six colleagues have published an article entitled &#8220;Eight Americas: Investigating Mortality Disparities across Races, Counties, and Race-Counties in the United States.&#8221; They divide the entire US population into the following categories: 1. Asian: Asians living in counties where Pacific Islanders make up less than 40% of total Asian population 2. Northland low-income [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6139\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}