{"id":29376,"date":"2023-05-24T08:44:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T12:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=29376"},"modified":"2023-05-24T08:44:04","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T12:44:04","slug":"whom-to-engage-stakeholders-citizens-activists-or-the-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=29376","title":{"rendered":"whom to engage: stakeholders, citizens, activists or the community?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Here are four common ways of talking about who should be engaged in decision-making or collective work. Each approach has significant drawbacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/th>Definition<\/strong><\/th>Who decides who they are?<\/strong><\/th>Drawbacks<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Stakeholders <\/td>People with specific, identifiable, relevant knowledge, power, commitment or vulnerability. <\/td>The organizers of a process identify the stakeholders.<\/td>The organizers retain power and discretion. The process favors people with special \u201cstakes,\u201d who may not represent everyone. <\/td><\/tr>
Citizens<\/td>All adults who are recognized by the authorities as full members of the jurisdiction, e.g., a country. <\/td>Normatively, all adult residents have claims to be citizens. In practice, the definition reflects power.<\/td>One person\/one vote does not reflect the real distribution of influence and interests. Realistically, specific stakeholders will set the agenda. Also, people who are not citizens may have valid stakes.<\/td><\/tr>
Activists<\/td>Members of social movements who have obtained visibility and influence through their struggles.<\/td>Activists identify themselves<\/em>. However, an individual may not be accepted by a given group and may not then be heard.<\/td>Since a movement is usually defined by its stance, it cannot represent people with alternative views or those who are neutral or agnostic.<\/td><\/tr>
The community<\/td>Members of an affected group who are outside of the system that organizes the process. For instance, the police consider civilians to be the community. Professors consider non-academics to be the community. For the state, the police and the university might be parts of the community.<\/td>Usually, someone with authority defines the community as an \u201cother.\u201d<\/td>The abstract idea of a community often devolves to leaders and staff of NGOs or social-movement activists. People who have formal titles may define themselves out of the community, which is a mistake.<\/td><\/tr>
The oppressed or marginalized, sometimes named “The People” in left-wing discourse.<\/td>Members of social groups who are and have been subject to violence, discrimination, dispossession, etc.<\/td>People with influence over the discourse–perhaps including those who are themselves oppressed. (But usually, powerful people do most of the talking.)<\/td>A negative definition can be patronizing. Defining someone else as oppressed does not empower them.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

See also: citizens, stakeholders, publics, interest groups?<\/a>; problems with \u201cstakeholders\u201d<\/a>; and Levine P. (2022), Social Movements and Stakeholder Engagement. In: Lerner D., Palm M.E., Concannon T.W. (eds) Broadly Engaged Team Science in Clinical and Translational Research. Springer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here are four common ways of talking about who should be engaged in decision-making or collective work. Each approach has significant drawbacks. Definition Who decides who they are? Drawbacks Stakeholders People with specific, identifiable, relevant knowledge, power, commitment or vulnerability. The organizers of a process identify the stakeholders. The organizers retain power and discretion. The […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29376"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29385,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29376\/revisions\/29385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}