{"id":17770,"date":"2016-11-30T19:59:30","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T00:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=17770"},"modified":"2016-12-01T08:51:11","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T13:51:11","slug":"being-young-and-evaluating-democracy-in-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/?p=17770","title":{"rendered":"being young and evaluating democracy in 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/11\/29\/world\/americas\/western-liberal-democracy.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&amp;smid=nytcore-iphone-share&amp;_r=0\">claim<\/a> that support for democracy is falling in most countries&#8211;and falling quickest\u00a0among the young&#8211;has caused much consternation this week. One\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Foa%26Mounk-27-3.pdf\">datapoint<\/a>\u00a0that supports\u00a0this argument: &#8220;In 2011, 24 percent of U.S. millennials (then in their late teens or early twenties) considered democracy to be a &#8216;bad&#8217; or &#8216;very bad&#8217; way of running the country.&#8221; Erik Voeten and others have <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ErikVoeten\/status\/804063167303258112\">argued<\/a> that this survey is being presented in an alarmist way by focusing\u00a0on the minority who\u00a0chose the extreme responses to key\u00a0questions. Voeten shows that this\u00a0is how support for democracy looks if you display\u00a0the mean\u00a0responses on a scale from 1-10:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ErikVoeten\/status\/804063167303258112\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17771\" src=\"http:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/images\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-7.29.25-PM.png\" alt=\"screen-shot-2016-11-30-at-7-29-25-pm\" width=\"430\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/images\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-7.29.25-PM.png 654w, https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/images\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-7.29.25-PM-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Most people are still in favor, and the gaps by age are not huge.<\/p>\n<p>But it is natural to be a bit <em>uninspired<\/em> by democracy if you&#8217;re encountering it for the first time right now. In my freshman philosophy seminar, democracy has been our\u00a0topic this week. We&#8217;ve been reading:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bayard Rustin, <a href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.pitt.edu\/u\/ulsmanuscripts\/pdf\/31735066227830.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cFrom Protest to Politics: Future of the Civil Rights Movement<\/a>,\u201d <em>Commentary<\/em> (February, 1965)<\/li>\n<li>Robert A. Dahl, <em>Democracy and its Critics<\/em>, pp. 106-52<\/li>\n<li>Kwasi Wiredu, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/them.polylog.org\/2\/fwk-en.htm\">Democracy and Consensus in Traditional African Politics<\/a>&#8221; and Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/them.polylog.org\/2\/fee-en.htm\">Democracy or Consensus<\/a>?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My questions include the following:<\/p>\n<p>Is democracy a reliable\u00a0means to achieve such (possibly) valuable ends as human happiness\/welfare, liberty and rights, or equality? Is it a process that yields such outcomes? Or is it a good in itself? (To see it as an intrinsic good may require the belief\u00a0that involvement in\u00a0self-government is dignified or\u00a0worthy\u00a0in some way.) Does democracy mean &#8220;voting equality at the decisive stage&#8221; (Dahl), or a search for consensus (Wiredu), or an opportunity for discussion that enlarges people&#8217;s knowledge and empathy (Dewey et al, not assigned)? Is democracy necessarily adversarial (Eze) or can it be unitary (Wiredu), and if the latter, is unity a good thing, perhaps a sign of <em>fraternit\u00e9<\/em>? Finally, is democracy a process or set of rules, or rather a culture and set of norms and practices?<\/p>\n<p>My students are thoughtful, open-minded, and quick to understand various perspectives and arguments. But I think their current views are colored by what they regard as the debacle of the 2016 election&#8211;both its outcome and the campaign season that preceded it. I asked them whether they thought the election had changed their views of democracy, and they tended to think it had. They are unlikely to see democracy as an intrinsic good, because it rather seems like an undignified and disappointing spectacle. They are\u00a0attuned to the dangers of\u00a0communication (propaganda, group-think, polarization, selective use of evidence) and pessimistic about the potential of communication for learning and consensus-building.<\/p>\n<p>I don&#8217;t necessarily disagree. And I certainly don&#8217;t play the advocate for any philosophical view in the classroom. But I think that those who hope to\u00a0engage such young people must make the struggle <em>against<\/em>\u00a0forms of politics that they despise seem intrinsically rewarding, and must demonstrate that\u00a0responsible and responsive communication\u00a0is possible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The claim that support for democracy is falling in most countries&#8211;and falling quickest\u00a0among the young&#8211;has caused much consternation this week. One\u00a0datapoint\u00a0that supports\u00a0this argument: &#8220;In 2011, 24 percent of U.S. millennials (then in their late teens or early twenties) considered democracy to be a &#8216;bad&#8217; or &#8216;very bad&#8217; way of running the country.&#8221; Erik Voeten and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2016-election"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17770"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17777,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17770\/revisions\/17777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peterlevine.ws\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}